Appendix 1 – General Purposes

Legislative Branch—

The purpose of the legislative branch is to define the forms of ownership rights, for the various categories of property, and establish policies for protecting such rights. Policies which violate ownership rights, or are outside of this limited purpose and are not related simply to procedural control of congress, should be vetoed by the chief executive. The legislature may over-ride such a veto by a two-thirds vote of both houses.

Judicial Branch—

The purpose of the judicial branch is to adjudicate violations and disputes that may arise in the course of conducting business. This includes punishment for policy violations and for property loss due to theft or negligence, and for enforcement of contracts and agreements. The Community Supreme Court is also responsible, as cases are brought before it, for judging the constitutionality of policies created by the legislative branch. Policies which are judged unconstitutional should be voided by the court.

Executive Branch—

The purpose of the executive branch is to protect the rights and free activities of Community Groups from abuse by others. This includes protecting them from intra-Community and extra-Community property rights violations, as well as stifling regulation by congress, and improper actions by the judicial branch.

Appendix 2 – Definitions

Groups— A formally established unit for administering the governmental functions of the Community. A Group could consist of a single Member, or a group of Members.

Constitutional System— The branch of the Community, established by this Constitution, that is responsible for defining, protecting, and adjudicating ownership rights.

Market System— A tangible but ungoverned branch of the Community that emerges spontaneously from the exchange of goods and services.

Militia— The whole body of vested Members organized and trained to handle various emergency situations. Training for the militia could include, but is not be limited to: firearms use and safety, emergency medical procedures, and disaster recovery plans.

Private Property— Any asset or thing of value, whether tangible or intangible, real or personal.

Funding System— That branch of the Community government administering the financial affairs of the Community.

Rebellion— Rebellion against the Community shall consist of, yielding up Community resources or information to outside competitors in a direct attempt to injure the Community.

Severable Offense— An offense for which, if found guilty, a Member could be discharged from the Community.

Trusted Funds— Community funds over which a Member or Group has a fiduciary responsibility to use and control for the benefit of the Community.

Article VI – The Amending Process

The congress, whenever two thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Members of two thirds of the several Groups, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Members of three fourths of the several Groups; provided that no amendment shall deprive Members or Groups of fair representation in the Board of Representatives or equal suffrage in the senate.

Article VII – General Provisions

All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be valid against the Community, Groups, Members, as appropriate, after such adoption.

Subject only to the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Community, this Constitution, shall be the supreme policy of the Community; and the Community judges, and those in every Group, shall be bound thereby, any thing in the Constitution or the policies of any Group to the contrary notwithstanding.

No Community or Group officer shall receive any additional compensation for their services by virtue of their positions, but shall be compensated with wages equal to those which they would have earned in the Groups in which they are a Member, except that their compensation shall not be diminished during any given term of office below that which existed at the beginning of the term. Compensation for any given officer shall be procured from assessments of all those Members that officer serves, and except for the wages earned from his or her Group, the officer shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the Community, or any Group.

All Group and Community officers, before taking office, shall agree in writing to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office in the Community.

Article VIII – Ratification

The ratification of the conventions of two-thirds of all Community Groups, shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution.

Article V – Members

Section 1. - Rights of Members.

1. The enumeration in this Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage other rights retained by the Members;

2. The powers not delegated to the Community government by this Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the Members, are reserved to the Members;

3. Members shall be secure in their control of Community owned property and economic interests from acquisition, control, possession, damage, diminution or unreasonable searches by any governmental branch or officer of the Community;

4. A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free people, the right of the Members to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed;

5. Once vested, and subject to Article V Section 3, every Member has the right, either individually or in combination with others, to use trusted funds to purchase, acquire, rent, control, use, mortgage, sell, lease, or transfer private property, or any part or portion thereof;

6. Once vested, and subject to Article V Section 3, every Member has the right, either individually or in combination with others, to freely practice the occupation, profession, or trade of his or her choice, to establish, maintain, and operate a commercial enterprise, and freely to produce and distribute goods and services;

7. Once vested, and subject to Article V Section 3, every Member has the right, either individually or in combination with others, to enter into binding agreements containing any and only provisions of their choice;

8. In all judicial prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and open trial, by an impartial jury of the Group wherein the alleged violation shall have been committed, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses; to have a compulsory process for obtaining witnesses both for and against the accused; and to have the assistance of counsel for his or her defense;

9. Once vested, no Member shall be deprived of any Member rights except as a punishment for violations whereof the party shall have been duly convicted;

10. Vested Members are considered citizens of the Community and of the Group wherein they are a Member;

11. The right of vested Members to vote in any election shall not be denied or abridged by reason of a failure to pay Community or Group assessments.

Section 2. - Duties of Members. Upon receiving vested status, all Members shall sign an agreement delegating to the duly formed Community and Group governments, those rights necessary to administer the proper functions of their respective governments and declaring his or her willingness to be bound by the provisions of this Constitution, amendments to it, policies passed by the Community legislature, and decisions of the Community judiciary.

Each Member is responsible for challenging those actions of the Community and Group governments which are outside of the legitimate functions delegated by them to such governments.

Section 3. - Limitations of Members. Members shall not—

1. Use Community owned property or information for purposes which are solely self benefiting;

2. Mix trusted Community funds with personal funds;

3. Take possession of Community owned property, or remove such from Community controlled premises, unless for a specific purpose beneficial to the Community;

4. Remove, take possession, or take control of Community owned property under the control of another Member for purposes benefiting another Member, without a proper exchange taking place; 

Article IV – Groups

Section 1. - Rights of Groups. The powers not delegated to the Community government by this Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the Groups, are reserved to the Groups respectively, or to the Members.

Groups are entitled to expect Community protection from encroachments by other Groups or from sources outside of the Community.

Section 2. - Duties of Groups to Members. Each Group in the Community shall guarantee to its Members, a representative form of Group government.

The Members of each Group, when visiting other Groups, shall be entitled to the same protections and privileges, except voting privileges, as resident Members.

Section 3. - Duties of Groups to Groups. When a Member is charged in one Group with violating ownership rights, or a Community or Group policy, and he or she has transferred to another Group subsequent to the violation, the second Group shall surrender jurisdiction to the first for trial and sentencing.

Full faith and credit shall be given in each Group to the acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other Group.

Section 4. - Duties of Groups to the Community. Each Group shall maintain accurate records of the number of Members represented by the Group government and communicate the same to the Community government upon request.

Each Group shall choose two representatives to the Community Senate and see that elections are held for choosing the allotted number of representatives to the Board of Representatives for terms of office as previously defined.

Full faith and credit shall be given in each Group to the acts, records, and judicial proceedings of the Community government.

Section 5. - Limitations of Groups. Groups shall not—

1. Require assessments from Members outside of their own Group;

2. Enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation with other Groups to form a separate government than that defined in this Constitution;

3. Create any form of script or other money; emit bills of credit; or authorize any thing but legal tender for the payment of debts;

4. Create any ex post facto policy;

5. Create any policy impairing the obligations of contracts;

6. Create any policy declaring a Member guilty without a trial;

7. Establish titles or offices granting any persons immunity from Community or Group policies;

8. Appoint any leaders of business units;

9. Lay assessments on imports or exports;

10. Deprive any vested Member, liberty or property, without due process of policy;

11. Deny to any Member within its jurisdiction the equal protection.

Section 6. - New Groups and Possessions. New Groups may be admitted by congress into the Community government; but no new Group shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other Group; nor any Group be formed by the junction of two or more Groups, or parts of Groups, without the consent of the Members of the Groups concerned, and the approval of congress.

Article III – Judicial Branch

Section 1. - Community Courts. The judicial power of the Community, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior.

Section 2. - Jurisdiction. The judicial power shall extend to—

1. All cases, in policy and equity, arising under this Constitution, the policies of the Community, and agreements made with non-Community parties;

2. All cases affecting Community representatives to non-Community committees, agencies, or organizations;

3. All cases involving Community security forces or the militia;

4. Controversies to which the Community shall be a party;

5. Controversies between two or more Groups; - between a Group and Members of another Group; - between Members of different Groups; - between Members of the same Group claiming property rights under other Groups, and between a Group, or the Members thereof, and foreign communities or Members;

6. All cases involving conflicts between provisions of the Constitution, between the Constitution and policies established by congress, and between conflicting policies;

In all cases affecting Community representatives to non-Community committees, agencies, or organizations, those in which a Group shall be a party, and resolution of constitutional and policy conflicts, the Community Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Community Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to policy and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as congress shall make.

The trial of all violations of Community policy, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the Group where the said violation shall have been committed; but when not committed within any Group, the trial shall be at such place or places as congress may by policy have directed.

Section 3. - Duties of the Judiciary. The Community judiciary shall—

1. Establish resolutions of conflicts, when specific cases are brought to them, between contrary provisions of the Constitution, between the Constitution and policies established by congress, and between conflicting policies;

2. Recommend legislation, to be considered by congress, for resolution of future conflicts;

3. Specifically authorize the President to enforce judicial decisions when such enforcement requires confiscation of resources or transfer of funds between Groups;

Section 4. - Limitations of the Judiciary. The Community judiciary shall not—

1. Establish standing decisions as precedents for other cases than that being tried;

2. Convict a person of a severable offense unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court;

3. Deny the right of trial by jury;

4. Re-examine a fact previously tried by a jury unless specifically related to a procedural error for which an appeal is pending;

5. Impose excessive fines or unusual punishments;

6. Try any Member or Group more than once for the same offense, without new evidence being presented;

7. Compel any Member or Group to be a witness against himself or herself;

8. Deprive any Member or Group of Membership, liberty, or property, without due process;

9. Issue warrants, except upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized;

10. Require a Member to answer for a severable offense, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury; 

Article II – Executive Branch

Section 1. - President and Vice-President. The executive power shall be vested in a Community President. He or she shall hold office for a term of two years, and, together with a Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected, as follows.

Each Group shall appoint, by vote of the Members thereof, a number of executive electors equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the Group may be entitled in congress: but no senator or representative of the Community congress, or person holding a Group office, shall be appointed as an elector.

The electors in each Group shall meet and evaluate the qualifications necessary for President and Vice-President and nominate one person for each office, one of whom, at least, shall not be a Member of the same Group with themselves. The electors shall then communicate the nominees and their qualifications to all other Groups for their electors' evaluation.

On a common date, the electors shall meet again in their respective Groups, and vote for President and Vice-President, choosing from among those nominated by all Groups. The electors shall each choose five candidates on each list of nominees, arrange them in order of preference, and cast votes in that order: five votes for each of his or her first choices, four for second, three for the third, two for fourth, and one for the fifth. Thus, if five or more candidates exist on each list, each elector shall have fifteen votes for President and fifteen for Vice President. If less than five candidates exist on either list, the number of votes will decrease to fourteen, twelve, nine, or five, respectively. They shall next prepare a report, identifying the number of electors in their Group and all persons voted for as President and Vice-President, with the number of votes for each; which report they shall certify, and transmit to the President of the Senate.

The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and Board of Representatives, open all the reports and the votes shall then be counted. The candidate having the greatest number of votes for President shall be President. If one or more candidates have an equal number of votes, then the Board of Representatives shall immediately choose one of them to be President. But, in choosing, the votes shall be taken by Groups, the representation from each Group having a number of votes equal to the total number of electors in that Group. A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the Groups, and a majority of all the Groups shall be necessary to a choice. And if the Board of Representatives shall not choose a President the same day the right of choice shall devolve upon them, then the newly elected Vice-President shall be President.

The candidate having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President. If one or more candidates have an equal number of votes, then the Senate shall immediately choose one of them to be Vice-President. But in choosing, the votes shall be taken by Groups, the representation from each Group having a number of votes equal to the total number of electors in that Group; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the Groups, and a majority of all the Groups shall be necessary to a choice. And if the Senate shall not choose a Vice-President the same day the right of choice shall devolve upon them, then the person receiving the second-most votes for President shall be Vice-President.

Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the Community.

No person shall be eligible to the office of President, or Vice-President, who shall not have attained the legal age of majority, and been a Member of the Community at least four years preceding election, or a Member at the time of the adoption of this Constitution.

In case of the President's inability to discharge the requisite powers and duties of office, due to removal, death, resignation, or incapacity, whether before assuming office or after, the same shall devolve on the Vice President. If both the President and Vice President are unable to act in the office of President the line of executive authority devolves as follows: first, Speaker of the Board of Representatives; second, President pro tempore of the Senate; finally, the principal officers of the executive staff units in order of their seniority. The Acting President shall serve until the disability be removed or a new President or Vice President shall have been qualified.

The President, or another person higher in the line of executive authority than the Acting President, may assume the office of President by transmitting to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the Board of Representatives his or her written declaration that he or she is again able to act as President.

Whenever the Vice President and a majority of the principal officers of the executive staff units transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the Board of Representatives their written declaration that the Acting President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of office, the next lower person in the line of executive authority shall immediately assume such powers and duties as Acting President. The President may challenge this action by transmitting, within two working days, to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the Board of Representatives his or her written declaration that no inability exists, whereupon, the Speaker of the Board of Representatives shall immediately become Acting President and serve in that capacity until the disagreement is resolved by a majority vote of both houses of congress.

Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both houses of congress.

Before the President shall enter on the execution of his or her office, he or she shall take the following oath or affirmation:—"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the eOffice® Group , and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend its Constitution."

The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January of the years in which such terms shall expire.

Section 2. - Powers of the President. The President shall have authority to—

1. Act as Commander in Chief of the Community security forces, and the Community Militia, when called into active service;

2. Require the opinions, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive staff offices, upon any subject relating to their respective duties;

3. Veto legislative polices, passed by the legislature, which violate ownership rights, or are outside the scope of appropriate Community legislation;

4. Rescind judicial decisions, which violate ownership rights, or are beyond the jurisdiction of the judicial branch to decide;

5. Grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the Community, either before or after trial, except in cases of impeachment;

6. Make agreements with non-Community parties for the sharing of security forces, or other agreements of mutual benefit, with the advice and consent of the Senate, provided two thirds of the senators present concur;

7. Nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint, representatives to non-Community committees, agencies, or organizations; public relations representatives; and judges of the Community Supreme Court;

8. Appoint all other Community government officers, not including Group officers, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by policy: but congress may vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts, or in the heads of executive staff offices; And,

9. Fill all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session.

Section 3. - Other Powers and Duties of the President. The President shall—

1. From time to time, give to the congress information on the state of the Community, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he or she shall judge necessary and expedient;

2. On extraordinary occasions, convene both houses of congress, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he or she may adjourn them to such time as he or she shall think proper;

3. Receive non-Community visitors and officials;

4. Take care that Community policies be faithfully executed;

5. Ensure each Group elects and appoints appropriate Group and Community officers;

6. Commission all special officers of the Community;

7. Oversee legal action, as authorized by the Community congress, against Members or outside parties;

8. See that Community judicial decisions are implemented and enforced;

Section 4. - Limitations of the President. The President shall not—

1. Establish policies that extend beyond the executive branch;

2. Confiscate resources or transfer funds between Groups, without judicial authorization;

Section 5. - Impeachment. The President, Vice President, and all other Community officers, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of: yielding up protected Community resources or information to competitors without authorization of the Senate, bribery, or other crimes and misdemeanors.

The Constitution of The eOffice^® Organization

a Constitutional Community

WE THE MEMBERS,

of the eOffice® Organization, in order to form a more perfect Community, reward contributions justly, insure internal harmony, protect ownership rights, promote general prosperity, and secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and for those who follow us, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION.

Article I – Legislative Branch

Section 1. - Congress Defined. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Community congress, which shall consist of a Senate and a Board of Representatives.

Section 2. - Board of Representatives. The Board of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every year by the Members within each Group of the Community.

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained the legal age of majority in their country, and been two years a Member of the Community, or a Member at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, and who shall not, when elected, be a Member of that Group in which he or she shall be chosen.

Representatives and Community assessments shall be apportioned among the several Community Groups, according to their respective number of Members. The actual enumeration shall be made within three months after the adoption of this Constitution, and within every subsequent term of two years, in such manner as congress shall by policy direct. The ratio of representatives to Members will be established by a majority vote of the Senate, but each Group shall have at least one representative.

When vacancies happen in the representation from any Group, the Group executive thereof shall request an election to fill such vacancies.

The Board of Representatives shall choose their own presiding officer, as well as their other officers, from among their members; and shall have the sole power of impeachment.

Section 3. - Senate. The Community Senate shall be composed of two senators from each Group, chosen by the officers thereof, for a term of three years; and each senator shall have one vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as possible into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the first year, of the second class at the expiration of the second year, and of the third class at the expiration of the third year, so that one third may be chosen every year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, the Group executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the officers of that Group may choose a replacement in the normal manner.

No person shall be senator who shall not have attained to the legal age of majority, and been three years a Member of the Community, or a Member at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, and who shall not, when elected, be a Member of that Group for which he or she shall be chosen.

The Vice President of the Community government shall be the President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, except to break a tie.

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore to act in the absence of the Vice President, or when he or she shall exercise the office of President of the Community.

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the Community government is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present.

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor or trust in the Community: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to other Community policies.

Section 4. - Congressional Elections and Meetings. The times, places and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, shall be prescribed in each Group by the popularly elected officers thereof; but the Community congress may alter such regulations, except for the places for holding elections.

The terms of senators and representatives shall end at noon on the 3rd day of January, of the years in which such terms shall expire. The congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3rd day of January, unless they shall by policy appoint a different day.

Section 5. - Internal Operations of Congress. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each house may provide.

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member.

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require confidentiality; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

Neither house, during the session of congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than one day, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.

Section 6. - Privileges and Disabilities of Members. The senators and representatives shall in all cases, except violation of Community security measures, be privileged from "arrest" or discharge during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place.

No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he or she was elected, be appointed to any other office within the Community, which shall have been created, or the salary whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any appointed office within the Community, shall be a member of either house during his or her term in office.

Section 7. - Procedure for Passing Laws. All bills for raising revenue shall originate by the Board of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.

Every bill which shall have passed the Board of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Community policy, be presented to the President of the Community; who, if he or she approve it, shall sign it, but if not shall return it, with his or her objections to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that house, it shall become an approved policy. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of those voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within five working days, after it shall have been presented to him or her, the same shall be an approved policy, in like manner as if he or she had signed it, unless congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be approved.

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and Board of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment, amendment to this Constitution, suspension of the President's "emergency powers," and issues related to the support services of congress) shall be presented to the President of the Community; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him or her, or being disapproved by him or her, shall be re-passed by two thirds of the Senate and Board of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

Section 8. - Powers Delegated to Congress. Congress shall have authority to—

1. Establish and collect assessments or fees for the administration of the Community's constitutional system; but all such assessments or fees shall be uniform throughout the Community and across all Groups;

2. Borrow money on the credit of the Community;

3. Regulate dealings with other Communities, and between the several Groups within the Community, but such regulation is limited to only the protection of ownership rights;

4. Establish uniform policies for vestiture of Members;

5. Establish uniform policies for Group divestures;

6. Provide for a standard exchange medium between Groups inside the Community, and between such units and other sources outside the Community;

7. Provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the exchange medium whether transferred inside or outside of the Community;

8. Establish standard methods of communication between officers of the Community;

9. Promote research and innovation, by securing for limited times to Groups the exclusive right to their innovations;

10. Define and establish tribunals inferior to the Community Supreme Court;

11. Make rules concerning repossession of Community goods;

12. Authorize the President to bring suit, hire attorneys, and take legal action against Members or outside parties involved in theft or piracy of Community property;

13. Authorize the President to organize and hire security forces, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than one year;

14. Authorize and remove authorization for the President to use his emergency powers;

15. Make rules for the government and regulation of security forces;

16. Provide for calling forth the Community Militia to execute the policies of the Community, suppress violent or uncivil activities, and to execute emergency preparedness and disaster recovery plans;

17. Provide for organizing, provisioning, and disciplining, the Community Militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the Community, reserving to the Groups respectively, the appointment of militia officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by congress;

18. Exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over all Community property necessary to the constitutional system of the Community, including security facilities and other needful buildings;

19. Declare penalties for violations of Community policies, including, but not limited to: termination or suspension of Membership, and compensation for damages between Groups, but no such penalties shall require monetary award from personal holdings of Community Members;

20. Reverse, by a two-thirds vote of both houses, a presidential veto of a legislative policy;

21. Reverse, by a two-thirds vote of both houses, a presidential decision to rescind a judicial decision, or grant a pardon;

22. Maintain standard treasury records of all receipts and expenditures and make examination of such records open to all Community Members and Groups; And

23. To make all policies which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the officers of the Community, or in any Group thereof.

Section 9. - Limitations upon the Powers of Congress. Congress shall not—

1. Require the Groups to extend vested Member status to either contract Members or direct Members, before two years following the acceptance of this Constitution, but may assess, from the Groups, for each unvested Member, an amount equal to twice the Group assessment for vested Members.

2. Suspend the right of persons, Members, or Groups to a trial for the purpose of answering charges.

3. Create a policy declaring a person, Member or Group guilty without a trial.

4. Create a policy making a person, Member or Group chargeable for acts preceding the effective date of the policy.

5. Impose assessments directly on Members, but only on Groups;

6. Calculate Group assessments using any other formula than the number of respective Members, but may choose either vested Members only, or vested and non-vested;

7. Impose an assessment, tax, or duty on articles or services, but may require fees to be paid to compensate or protect ownership rights;

8. Give preference, by any regulation or assessment, to one Group over another;

9. Draw money from the treasury, except for approved and budgeted items and other special expenditures approved by congress;

10. Create superior and inferior classes of Members;

11. Accept any gift, payment, or title from any source, either inside or outside the Community, or create standing policies to permit such by its members, but each such advance must be approved by congress explicitly, except for wages earned in the members' constituent Groups;

12. Make any policy respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;

13. Make any policy abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press;

14. Make any policy prohibiting Members peaceably to assemble;

15. Make any policy prohibiting Members from petitioning the government for a redress of grievances; Or,

16. Take Group property for Community use without just compensation.